During the French Revolutionary War, the Battle of Hohenlinden took place on December 3, 1800. The French army, under Major General Jean Victor Marie Moreau, defeated the Austrian-Bavarian coalition led by Archduke Johann of Austria. The Confederates were compelled to make peace after departing the battlefield in haste, effectively ending the Second Coalition War. Hohenlinden was 33 kilometers east of Munich in modern-day Germany. The Battle of Hohenlinden considered Moreau's greatest triumph, was commemorated in the renowned song of the same name by the English poet Thomas Campbell. The decisive win at Hohenlinden is often regarded as the pinnacle of his campaign in Germany.
Major General Moreau's 56,000 elite forces fought alongside Austro-Bayern coalitions of 64,000 warriors. The Austrians moved into the bush in four collapsing vertical columns, believing they were pursuing the "defeated soldiers" of the French. Meanwhile, Moreau ordered Major General Antoine Richepanse's Division to make a surprise encirclement of the Austrian left when they emerged from the Ebersberg forest. The Moreau generals totally surrounded and annihilated the Austrian Army's best unit, demonstrating even more decisiveness on the battlefield. The French won the battle with just minimal losses, despite the fact that not a single one of their legions participated or made a splash in this combat.
The French inflicted heavy losses on the Austrians at Hohenlinden, causing the Austrian-German Army to dissolve. The French army was now able to conquer the Austrian imperial city of Vienna, riding the wave of a huge victory. This tremendous victory, combined with that of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte on June 24, 1800, effectively ended the War of the Second Coalition.
Indeed, the victory at Hohenlinden is regarded as even larger than Napoleon's at Marengo, and Moreau exploited the legion system more efficiently than Napoleon at Marengo. The Hohenlinden triumph is regarded as the most decisive victory of the war due to its significance. Following the tremendous calamity, Austria's situation became dismal. The Austrians signed the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1801, accepting French rule of the Rhine and the French puppet republics of Italy and the Netherlands. The Treaty of Amiens that followed between France and the United Kingdom established the longest truce of the Napoleonic Wars.
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