Bernadotte was the second son of the lawyer Henri of Bernadotte, Karl XIV Johan, also known as Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte and afterward Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, reigned as King of Switzerland from January 26, 1763, until March 8, 1844. From 1818 until his passing, he was known as Karl XIV Johan in Sweden and Karl III Johan in Norway. He also served as Pontecorvo's first Prince Regent.
Although he was born in France, he always showed a personality different from that of his contemporaries there. His father gave him the name Jean-Baptiste to set him apart from his older brother, Baron Jean-Évangeliste Bernadotte. He enlisted in the army and served with the French 60th regiment following the death of his father in 1780. The men who served under Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte remembered him as a tall, attractive man.
Bernadotte Marshal
Bernadotte was born in the northern French department of Pau. He spent a significant amount of his boyhood serving in the French army. Before formally enlisting in the army, he lived on the island of Corsica for three years while attending to his health at home for a year (1784–1785). Bernadotte and his legion relocated to several garrisons, including Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Grenoble, Vienne, and Marseille.
Between 1786 and 1788, he advanced steadily from corporal to sergeant while assisting officers in combat. The French Revolution put an end to his career, but after he saved the French commander Marquis d'Ambert, who was caught in a riot, it was resumed. He was promoted to lieutenant on May 1 and given charge of the 36th Corps in Brittany. Soon after, Bernadotte used his oratory skills to put an end to the officers' uprising while in charge of the French battalions that were resting in the town of Lambesc, near Marseille. He obtained a loan from a wealthy businessman and his future father-in-law, François Clary when he landed in Marseille. Later, after the loan was settled, he was accepted as a member of the Clary family and married Désirée, a 12-year-old girl.
He moved his forces to the depths of Rhenarmén as the French Revolution reached its pinnacle and battled valiantly for his cause. He fought in the battles of Speier and Mainz in 1793 and was appointed captain. In 1794, he was elevated to brigade commander and led legions in the Landrecies, Prémont, and Fleurus fights. General Jean Baptiste Kleber, who was incredibly courageous and tenacious, requested Napoleon promotion him to Brigadier General.
Between 1795 and 1796, Bernadotte continued with the French to defeat the enemy in many great battles, expanding the land of France. Leading his legion to Italy to assist Napoleon in his Italian campaign to attack the Austrians, the grueling travel across the Alps, the move from Tagliamento, and the conquest of Gradisca were all examples of his military leadership. Later, Bernadotte disagreed with the French commanders and especially with Napoleon - a man whose ambition was to dominate the whole Empire instead of toward democratic ideology like Bernadotte. At the Battle of Theiningen (1796), Bernadotte led an army to attack the Austrians in the Rhine, but due to the disparity of the forces, the army of Prince Charles of Austria was defeated and had to retreat.
Between 1795 and 1796, Bernadotte continued with the French to defeat the enemy in many great battles, expanding the land of France. Bernadotte successfully led his troops across the Alps and earned the admiration of his troops, thus increasing his prestige. After receiving humiliation from Milan's commanding officer, Dominique Martin Dupuy, Bernadotte arrested him for disobedience. However, Dupuy was a close friend of Louis Alexandre Berthier, and this started a long feud between Bernadotte and Napoleon's Commander-in-Chief Berthier.
After speaking with Napoleon in Mantua (Italy), the Supreme Commander, Bernadotte, was given the job of leading the 4th Army. By the month of Fructidor in the French Republic calendar, September 1797, a group of officers A conspiracy to overthrow the government that involved holding a gathering to ask the French National Assembly to approve the 5th year of the Constitution of the French Republic calendar (Bernadotte was absent) was unsuccessful. After the Fructidor incident, Bernadotte, under Napoleon's orders, collected information about the coup, but he did not bring it back to Napoleon.
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