Joachim Murat, Prince of the Empire, Grand Duke of Berg and Clèves (Grand-duc de Berg et de Clèves), King of Naples (Italian: Regno di), was born on March 25, 1767, and was executed on October 13, 1815. From 1808 to 1815, Napoli (Gioacchino Murat) was a field marshal under Napoleon I, King of Naples and Sicily. Murat was Napoleon Bonaparte's brother-in-law and one of the emperor's most renowned marshals during his battles.
Joachim Murat Biography
Joachim Murat was born in 1767 in Labastide-Fortunière (now Labastide-Murat), near Cahors in the southern French region of Lot. He was the 11th child of innkeeper Pierre Murat Jordy and Jeanne Loubière.
Joachim Murat Career
French Revolution
Murat took advantage of his discharge to join the guilds in Quercy, and he was elected delegate of the province of Lot to the Fête de la Fédération in Paris on July 14, 1790.
Murat, like Bonaparte, was anxious about the fall of Robespierre's administrator. So he helped Bonaparte vigorously crush the royalist insurrection on the 13th of February. Murat commanded a cavalry company of the 10th Cavalry Regiment during the Battle of Roveredo on September 4, 1796, which abruptly crossed the Adige River, leaving the enemy entirely surprised. Murat's battalion continued to fight in the Battle of Bassano on September 22. Murat was promoted to major general after consistently displaying his ability to command cavalry at Dego and Mondovi.
Period of the First Empire
Murat was named commander of the Grand Guard on January 18, 1800, after taking an active role in the Coup of 18 Brumaire. Murat married Caroline Bonaparte, Napoleon's youngest sister, the same year and became one of the closest confidants of Napoleon.
Murat was appointed to command a barracks stationed at Beauvais to defend Belgium in the event of a British landing after taking command of Napoleon's cavalry at the Battle of Marengo on June 14, 1800. Following that, he took command of a garrison in central France and fought in Italy during the winter of 1800–1801. Murat also signed the armistice agreement between France and the Kingdom of Naples and handed orders to the French army. Not to offend the Neapolitans. Murat was appointed commander-in-chief of the Cisalpine Republic's army garrison on July 27, 1801.
Murat returned to France in August 1803, taking over as commander of the 60,000-strong 1st Army Division in Paris.
The Napoleonic Wars
Murat was promoted to field marshal when Napoleon assented to the throne. On February 1, 1805, he was appointed Grand Admiral and received the Order of the Legion of Honor. Murat became a prince of the family as the new emperor's brother-in-law, and he moved into the Élysée Palace. Murat was sent to the vanguard of Napoleon's cavalry (La Grande Armée) in the fall of 1805.
Under his new command, Murat entered the war in Austria and won early victories. At the Battle of Austerlitz, he commanded the left flank of the French army and greatly contributed to one of Napoleon's greatest victories. After the Treaty of Presbourg was signed on December 27, 1805, Joachim Murat became Grand Duke of Berg and Clèves.
When war broke out between the Kingdom of Prussia and France in the fall of 1806, Murat was reassigned as commander of Napoleon's cavalry. Murat annihilated two enemy defensive regiments while leading the French army across the Saale. He fought valiantly at the Battle of Jena, commanding his battalion and capturing a huge Prussian force, forcing Erfurth to surrender, then pursuing the remaining Prussian forces, and eventually forcing a Prussian brigade to surrender on the outskirts of Prentzlaw.
After the Russians entered the war in their alliance against Napoleon, Murat commanded the assault on Warsaw and became the commander of the first French unit to enter the city on November 28, 1806. In 1807, at the Battle of Eylau, he once again commanded the French cavalry to force the enemy to retreat.
In 1812–1813, Murat and the French army participated in the Franco-Russian War (1812), the Franco-Prussian War. After his defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, Murat reached an agreement with the Emperor of Austria to save his kingdom of Naples.
By the end of Napoleon Bonaparte's 100-day reign, he knew that the European powers wanted to get rid of him in order to restore Ferdinand IV Bourbon to power. Murat resolved to send his army to attack the "Seventh Coalition" of powerful states, beginning with Austria, in order to reclaim power for himself. At the Battle of Tolentino (May 2–3, 1815), he was defeated by Frederick Bianchi, a general under Franz I of Austria.
Joachim Murat Cause of Death
Murat lost all power in 1815 as a result of a protracted conflict with the Italian satrap and his failure to seize Reggio. This time, he hid in France to avoid the enemy's pursuit (here, Ferdinand IV, the new monarch of Naples from 1815 to 1825). Murat chooses to return to Corsica and Naples to reclaim control, it's an exhausting voyage. His servants, however, betrayed him.
During the landings at Pizzo, the locals under the command of army commander Tranta Capelli not only acclaimed Murat but actively rebelled against him, and Barbara's fleet of over 300 men deserted him. Soon later, in 1815, he was sentenced to death by a magistrate's council. The execution was unique in that Murat himself oversaw the process. His men had previously been unable to squeeze the trigger on the first turn, but with the lion's pride, he ordered them to aim, and he was killed on the second salvo. Without a movement, without a breath, he did not leave the watch held in the palm of his left hand.
Murat's body was then placed in a bed by the soldiers. That night, a man (the servant Luidgi) sought to enter Murat's chamber and removed his head. Tranta Capelli was promoted to major eight days after the execution in Pizzo, General Victor Nunziante (1777–1836) was named Marquis of Cirello, and Luidgi was poisoned to death. When Ferdinand died in 1825, Murat's head was discovered in a secret cabinet in his bedroom, soaking in wine.
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